What are emotions and how do they impact cognition? We sit down with philosopher Juliette Vazard to talk about what we can learn from our emotions, the relationship between emotions and beliefs, and how emotions can shape our behavior. We cover everything from learning and curiosity, to the epistemic value of emotional states, to their impact on how we relate to the world.
Joining me as a co-host is philosopher Maria Fedorova, our guest on Episode 17.
Show Notes:
Emotions and Evaluative States
The episode defines emotions as evaluative states, which provide essential information about how we perceive events in terms of safety, curiosity, or threat. Emotions like anger or amusement signal our immediate responses, shaping how we understand and react to situations.
Emotions are described as instrumental in processing evaluative information, distinguishing them from beliefs and desires. They have a positive or negative charge, shaping our reactions and informing how we interact with the world.
Epistemic Emotions and Curiosity
The conversation explores epistemic emotions, such as curiosity and confusion, which motivate inquiry and learning. Emotions like surprise and confusion guide attention and cognitive resources toward meaningful information.
The concept of the "Goldilocks Zone" is introduced, describing how curiosity thrives when uncertainty is balanced—too much complexity can lead to frustration, while too little reduces engagement.
Emotion and Rational Control
Discussing the flexibility humans have in responding to emotions, the episode examines how individuals assess anger to decide whether a situation warrants confrontation or restraint. Emotions not only compel immediate action but also allow reflective thought, enabling people to evaluate whether their initial responses are appropriate.
The Epistemic Role of Shame and Guilt
The episode addresses the moral and cognitive value of emotions like shame and guilt. While guilt motivates corrective actions, shame signals internal character flaws, potentially inspiring deeper personal growth. It challenges the negative perception of shame, positing that it can be integral to moral and self-awareness.
Impact of Emotions on Personal Identity
Emotions are shown as central to shaping personal identity. For example, fear and other affective responses are transmitted socially, influencing how individuals evaluate and engage with their environments.
This social transmission of emotional responses highlights how cultural and interpersonal interactions can shape values, emphasizing the connection between social environments and individual development.
Curiosity and the Selection Problem
Emotions help solve the "selection problem," directing attention and prioritizing what information to focus on in an overwhelming sensory environment. Epistemic emotions enable individuals to manage cognitive resources effectively, guiding decisions on where to focus attention and invest energy.
Philosophy of Knowledge in Crisis
The conversation touches on the importance of knowledge in a post-truth era, emphasizing the role of trust and emotional disposition in assessing sources of information. Emotional responses to information sources can affect perceptions of credibility, posing challenges to maintaining epistemic integrity in today’s digital age.